Rethinking Resilience: Energy Security, Fiscal Constraints, and the Financing of Low-Carbon Development in African Hydrocarbon Producers

Nicolas Lippolis Executive Summary This article examines how recent geopolitical tensions and volatility in global energy markets expose structural vulnerabilities in hydrocarbon-producing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite their importance in global oil and gas supply, these economies remain highly dependent on imported fossil fuels and are characterized by fragile energy infrastructure, limiting their ability to […]

The Race for a Greener Future: Industrial Policy in China-Brazil Electric Vehicle and Battery Cooperation

CEFD China-Latin America Cooperation Policy Paper Series Ricardo Lopes Kotz Abstract By linking climate objectives to industrial competitiveness and technological upgrading, electric vehicles (EVs) have become strategic for the global energy transition, this study analyzes China–Brazil cooperation in electromobility, assessing whether Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) supports upgrading and innovation in Brazil, or risks reproducing […]

Workshop Summary: “Petrobras’ Role in the Energy Transition”

On December 8, 2025, the Center for Energy, Finance and Development (CEFD), the E+ Energy Transition Institute, and the Institute for Strategic Studies of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (Ineep) organized a workshop in Rio de Janeiro to discuss Petrobras’ role in the energy transition. With strong technological capabilities, access to capital, and significant political […]